Dependency Law Finder

Florida's dependency statutes, court rules and DCF operating procedures, with the appellate opinions that apply them

data.robertlathamesq.org · All tools

Before you use this site

This site aggregates legal authorities from a variety of public sources. It is AI and human reviewed. Text processing errors can occur. Always check the information here against the official linked source.

This site is publicly available. Use for general research only. Do not submit confidential or identifiable case information.

I don't agree: show the official sources

Everything here comes from public sources, checked automatically on the schedule below. Times are Florida (Eastern) time.

All sources up to date Last update Oct 11, 6:42 a.m. · Next Oct 12, 6:30 a.m. · Weekly steps Oct 12, 6:30 a.m.
SourceCheckedLast checkHere now

Cases

CourtListenerOpinions of Florida's district courts of appeal and Supreme Court in dependency and termination cases Daily Oct 11, 6:30 a.m. 8,644 cases · newest filed 2026-10-09
CourtListenerSouthern Reporter citations, as they're published Mondays — 1,795 cases since 2015 without a So. 3d citation yet
Issue tagsIssues, outcome, county and summary of each written opinion since 2000: read by Claude, reviewed By hand, after new opinions arrive By hand All tagged

Statutes

Online SunshineChapter 39; Chapter 409's child welfare sections, Chapter 63 (adoption) and Chapter 61's UCCJEA Mondays Oct 9 2026 Florida Statutes

Court Rules

The Florida BarFlorida Rules of Juvenile Procedure (the current edition) Mondays Oct 8 October 1, 2026 ed.

Admin Code

flrules.orgFlorida Administrative Code, Chapter 65C Daily Oct 11, 6:39 a.m. As of October 11, 2026

CFOPs

DCF Resource LibraryDCF's operating procedures (CFOPs) Daily Oct 11, 9:56 a.m. 196 CFOPs · 3,870 pages

Forms

DCF formsDCF's child welfare forms: the Child Welfare category of its forms search, other DCF forms Chapter 65C cites, and their files (every file again on Mondays, to catch revisions) Daily Oct 11, 6:41 a.m. 202 forms

Federal

U.S. CodeICWA, Titles IV-B and IV-E (with ASFA, Fostering Connections and Family First), CAPTA, SIJ, ICARA, the PKPA, MEPA, Pell Grants and McKinney-Vento, and the related acts (GovInfo's annual edition until the Law Revision Counsel's site is back) Mondays Oct 11 United States Code, 2024 edition
eCFRTheir regulations: 25 C.F.R. Parts 23 and 63, 45 C.F.R. Parts 1355–1357, 8 C.F.R. § 204.11, 22 C.F.R. Part 94, 34 C.F.R. Part 690 and § 668.22 Daily Oct 11, 6:40 a.m. Title 22 as of 2026-10-07, Title 25 as of 2026-10-07, Title 34 as of 2026-10-08, Title 45 as of 2026-10-07, Title 8 as of 2026-10-07

Law Changes

Federal RegisterProposed and final rules for those regulations Daily Oct 11, 6:41 a.m.Federal Register: 31 new document(s) on the federal regulations 1 rulemaking open
CongressBills amending those statutes (GovInfo bill text, congress.gov status) Daily Oct 11, 6:41 a.m.Congress: 22 bill(s) new or moved, amending the federal statutes here 34 bills on file
Florida Administrative RegisterDCF's rulemaking notices for Chapter 65C Daily Oct 11, 6:31 a.m. 2 rules open for rulemaking
JAPC FALCONEach rulemaking's timeline: hearings, JAPC letters, challenges, adoption Daily Oct 11, 6:32 a.m. 46 rules followed
Florida SenateBills that would change Chapter 39, 63, or the 409 and 61 sections here Daily Oct 11, 6:33 a.m.4 bill update(s) for the statutes on the Statutes tab 52 bills on file
Florida Supreme CourtJuvenile Rules amendment cases; review of dependency decisions Daily Oct 11, 6:37 a.m. 3 rules cases · 1 review case
Rules committee reportsThe committee's report on a pending Juvenile Rules case, downloaded by hand from the court's docket (its documents can't be fetched automatically), then summarized By hand, when a rules case is filed or a new report is By hand All summarized
Law Changes reviewsFederal bills, federal rulemakings, Supreme Court cases and long 65C rulemakings: read by Claude, reviewed, before they're listed or summarized By hand, after new entries arrive By hand All reviewed
U.S. Supreme CourtCases granted review on parental rights or child welfare Daily Oct 11, 6:37 a.m. 1 case

CFOPs: comparing with DCF 134 findings

DCF's site uses a list of CFOPs in a table and searches their titles not their text. The list below compares that index with the PDFs on DCF's site, showing broken links, links to the wrong PDF, date errors, and missing CFOPs.

6 high 19 medium 26 low 83 info

High6 findings
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 30-2: DCF's list shows CFOP 30-7 “Consular Notification - Special Procedures Related to Foreign Nationals”, but the link opens CFOP 30-2 “Response to Subpoenas for Children and Families Records” (DCF's list, row 24)
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 30-4: DCF's list shows CFOP 30-2 “Response to Subpoenas for Children and Families Records”, but the link opens CFOP 30-4 “Provision of Legal Services to Programs Located Within the Department for Administrative Purposes Only” (DCF's list, row 21)
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 30-5: DCF's list shows CFOP 30-4 “Provision of Legal Services to Programs Located Within the Department for Administrative Purposes Only”, but the link opens CFOP 30-5 “Cases Requiring Entry of a Final Order” (DCF's list, row 22)
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 30-7: DCF's list shows CFOP 30-5 “Cases Requiring Entry of a Final Order”, but the link opens CFOP 30-7 “Consular Notification: Special Procedures Related to Foreign Nationals” (DCF's list, row 23)
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 60-11, ch. 2: DCF's list shows CFOP 60-11 ch.1 “Workplace Violence Awareness and Prevention”, but the link opens Chapter 2 (Workplace Violence Awareness and Prevention) (DCF's list, row 71)
  • Wrong PDF linked. CFOP 60-25, ch. 2: DCF's list shows CFOP 60-25 ch.1 “Recruitment and Selection”, but the link opens Chapter 2 (Employee Security Background Screening) (DCF's list, row 84)
Medium19 findings
  • Duplicate. CFOP 60-25, ch. 2: CSV rows 84 and 86 both link a PDF of CFOP 60-25 ch.2 (editions 2026-03-17 and 2026-04-30) (DCF's list, row 86)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 170-20: Official index lists edition 2023-07-01, but the hosted PDF is dated 2014-08-01. The library may be serving an outdated version (DCF's list, row 197)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 50-28: Official index lists edition 2025-11-25, but the hosted PDF is dated 2024-05-13. The library may be serving an outdated version (DCF's list, row 41)
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-31 “District Substance Abuse Licensing and Regulatory Policies and Procedures” (edition 2006-09-14) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-46 “Management of Acute Non-Penetrating Traumatic Head/Brain Injury” (edition 2018-10-15) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-47 “Processing Referrals from the Department of Corrections” (edition 2009-07-01) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-59 “Surveillance Technology in the Mental Health Treatment Facilities” (edition 2021-06-02) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-61 “Residential Room Assignments in the Civil Facilities” (edition 2021-09-15) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-63 “Freedom of Movement of Residents in Civil State Mental Health Treatment Facilities” (edition 2020-01-03) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-64 “Guidelines for Admission to a Civil State Mental Health Treatment Facility” (edition 2020-09-15) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 155-65 “Visitation Guidelines in a DCF State Mental Health Treatment Facility” (edition 2020-09-25) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 165-22 “ACCESS Florida Program Policy Manual” (edition not given) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 165-9 “Presumptive Medicaid Eligibility for Pregnant Women” (edition 2014-01-01) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 175-17 “Child Fatality Review Procedures” (edition 2011-03-03) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 175-52 “Relicensing Child-Placing Agencies” (edition 1998-11-01) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 50-13 “Internet/Intranet Policy” (edition 2008-05-01) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Missing from library. CFOP 60-25 ch.1 “Recruitment and Selection” (edition 2021-11-19) is in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1) but has no PDF in the Resource Library.
  • Title mismatch. CFOP 60-25, ch. 2: Listed as “Payment of Moving Expenses”, but the PDF cover title is “Employee Security Background Screening” (DCF's list, row 86)
  • Title mismatch. CFOP 60-25, ch. 5: Listed as “Employee Security Background Screening”, but the PDF cover title is “Payment of Moving Expenses” (DCF's list, row 85)
Low26 findings
  • CSV data. CFOP 60-5, ch. 1: Chapter label “Chapter1” is formatted differently from the others (“Chapter N”) (DCF's list, row 59)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 170-1: Official index lists edition 2024-06-28; the PDF cover says 2024-06-26. They're 2 days apart, probably a typo in one of them (DCF's list, row 178)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 170-3: Official index lists edition 2023-09-20; the PDF cover says 2023-09-25. They're 5 days apart, probably a typo in one of them (DCF's list, row 180)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 170-4: The hosted PDF (2025-10-16) is newer than the edition in the official index (2024-04-26); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 181)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 180-2: The hosted PDF (2026-04-14) is newer than the edition in the official index (2021-07-27); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 206)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 180-4: The hosted PDF (2026-09-25) is newer than the edition in the official index (2025-04-03); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 207)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 40-4: The hosted PDF (2026-04-03) is newer than the edition in the official index (2016-06-20); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 28)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 5-1: The hosted PDF (2026-01-22) is newer than the edition in the official index (2025-06-12); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 3)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 50-22: The hosted PDF (2025-08-20) is newer than the edition in the official index (2025-05-12); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 37)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 50-27: The hosted PDF (2025-06-19) is newer than the edition in the official index (2024-03-22); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 40)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 50-30: Official index lists edition 2025-12-25; the PDF cover says 2025-12-22. They're 3 days apart, probably a typo in one of them (DCF's list, row 43)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 60-25, ch. 2: The hosted PDF (2026-03-17) is newer than the edition in the official index (2021-11-19); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 84)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 60-30, ch. 5: The hosted PDF (2026-03-31) is newer than the edition in the official index (2018-04-10); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 90)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 60-5, ch. 12: The hosted PDF (2026-03-17) is newer than the edition in the official index (1998-10-31); the index hasn't caught up (DCF's list, row 63)
  • Edition mismatch. CFOP 70-1: Official index lists edition 2024-02-16; the PDF cover says 2024-02-01. They're 15 days apart, probably a typo in one of them (DCF's list, row 107)
  • Filename. 14 filenames contain runs of repeated spaces (170-1, 170-2, 170-5, 170-8, 170-9, 170-10, 170-11, 170-12, 170-13, 170-15, 170-16, 170-17, 170-18, 170-20). Links still work, but copied or typed URLs can break
  • Filename. CFOP 60-25, ch. 2: Filename reads “Employee Security Background Screening” but the listed title is “Payment of Moving Expenses” (DCF's list, row 86)
  • Filename. CFOP 60-25, ch. 5: Filename reads “Payment of Moving Expenses” but the listed title is “Employee Security Background Screening” (DCF's list, row 85)
  • Not a CFOP. CFOP 60-1: Listed as CFOP 60-1, but the PDF is CF Pamphlet (CFP) 60-1, a different publication type (DCF's list, row 54)
  • Not in official index. CFOP 50-9: In the library but not in DCF's official index (CFOP 5-1). It may be rescinded, renumbered, or newer than the index (DCF's list, row 35)
  • Official index. DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 165-17: no title. It may be a stray or retired number
  • Official index. DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 165-18: no title. It may be a stray or retired number
  • Official index. DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 165-19: no title. It may be a stray or retired number
  • Official index. DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 165-22: no edition date. It may be a stray or retired number
  • Official index. DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 175-59: no title. It may be a stray or retired number
  • Official index. CFOP 80-3: DCF's own index (CFOP 5-1) has a malformed entry for CFOP 80-3: no edition date. It may be a stray or retired number
Info83 findings
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 15-7, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 15-7 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 155-53, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-18, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 170-18 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 155-17, 155-19, 155-27, 155-45, 155-48, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 175-44, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-20, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-18, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 170-18 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-19, 170-7, 175-44, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 170-19 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-19, 175-44, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 170-19 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 75-3, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-16, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 175-97, 55-7, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 215-6, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 15-12, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 15-12 says it supersedes it.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 5-5, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 75-1, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 75-1, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-20, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 170-20, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered.
  • Cited but unlisted. Cited by 75-2, but it's in neither the library nor the official index. It's probably retired or renumbered. 75-2 says it supersedes it.
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-1: Edition dated 2014-11-03, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 8)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-10: Edition dated 2009-10-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 15)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-12: Edition dated 2006-12-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 16)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-13: Edition dated 2014-10-17, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 17)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-14: Edition dated 2012-11-30, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 18)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-15: Edition dated 2014-05-09, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 19)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-3: Edition dated 2012-07-16, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 10)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-6: Edition dated 2013-07-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 12)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-7: Edition dated 2012-12-19, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 13)
  • Old edition. CFOP 15-9: Edition dated 2007-07-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 14)
  • Old edition. CFOP 155-11: Edition dated 2002-11-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 143)
  • Old edition. CFOP 155-41: Edition dated 2015-07-10, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 164)
  • Old edition. CFOP 170-20: Edition dated 2014-08-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 197)
  • Old edition. CFOP 175-19: Edition dated 2001-05-09, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 200)
  • Old edition. CFOP 175-44: Edition dated 1999-06-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 201)
  • Old edition. CFOP 175-67: Edition dated 1998-08-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 202)
  • Old edition. CFOP 175-91: Edition dated 1999-11-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 203)
  • Old edition. CFOP 175-97: Edition dated 2003-07-30, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 204)
  • Old edition. CFOP 215-1: Edition dated 2010-02-12, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 209)
  • Old edition. CFOP 215-4: Edition dated 2008-12-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 210)
  • Old edition. CFOP 215-5: Edition dated 2008-08-07, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 211)
  • Old edition. CFOP 215-6: Edition dated 2013-04-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 212)
  • Old edition. CFOP 215-7: Edition dated 2014-05-13, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 213)
  • Old edition. CFOP 30-2: Edition dated 1999-05-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 24)
  • Old edition. CFOP 30-4: Edition dated 1998-04-30, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 21)
  • Old edition. CFOP 30-5: Edition dated 1998-06-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 22)
  • Old edition. CFOP 30-7: Edition dated 2012-11-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 23)
  • Old edition. CFOP 40-1: Edition dated 2009-02-19, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 26)
  • Old edition. CFOP 5-2: Edition dated 2008-05-14, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 4)
  • Old edition. CFOP 5-3: Edition dated 2008-12-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 5)
  • Old edition. CFOP 5-5: Edition dated 2008-12-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 6)
  • Old edition. CFOP 55-10: Edition dated 2011-12-05, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 51)
  • Old edition. CFOP 55-18: Edition dated 2008-12-11, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 52)
  • Old edition. CFOP 55-5: Edition dated 2011-08-29, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 48)
  • Old edition. CFOP 55-7: Edition dated 2011-12-05, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 49)
  • Old edition. CFOP 55-9: Edition dated 2005-01-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 50)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-10, ch. 2: Edition dated 2010-11-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 67)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-10, ch. 6: Edition dated 2012-01-27, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 69)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-12: Edition dated 2011-10-17, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 72)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 1: Edition dated 2014-06-27, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 76)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 2: Edition dated 2014-01-06, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 77)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 3: Edition dated 2015-07-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 78)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 5: Edition dated 2014-01-06, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 80)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 6: Edition dated 2013-08-19, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 81)
  • Old edition. CFOP 60-17, ch. 7: Edition dated 2014-01-06, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 82)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-10: Edition dated 2008-10-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 115)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-11: Edition dated 2008-10-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 116)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-12: Edition dated 2012-10-15, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 117)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-15: Edition dated 2010-03-23, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 118)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-2: Edition dated 2008-12-12, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 108)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-3: Edition dated 1998-02-16, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 109)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-4: Edition dated 2009-06-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 110)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-5: Edition dated 2009-01-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 111)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-6: Edition dated 2009-03-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 112)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-8: Edition dated 2008-11-17, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 113)
  • Old edition. CFOP 70-9: Edition dated 2008-09-01, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 114)
  • Old edition. CFOP 75-1: Edition dated 2007-01-29, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 120)
  • Old edition. CFOP 75-2: Edition dated 2015-09-02, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 121)
  • Old edition. CFOP 75-3: Edition dated 2008-12-16, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 122)
  • Old edition. CFOP 75-5: Edition dated 2007-03-29, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 123)
  • Old edition. CFOP 75-8: Edition dated 2015-09-02, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 124)
  • Old edition. CFOP 80-2: Edition dated 2005-05-06, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 126)
  • Old edition. CFOP 80-3: Edition dated 1997-08-14, over 10 years ago (DCF's list, row 127)

Each run's results are checked before they go live; if a check fails, the site keeps the previous data. New cases are searchable as soon as they arrive; their issue tags follow once they're read.

This site keeps anonymous records of searches and clicks to improve its topics and search; nothing identifies you (no cookies, no IP addresses).